Under which article of the climate convention does India hold that providing climate finance is an obligation of developed countries?
- A.Article 4.2
- B.Article 6
- C.Article 9.1
- D.Article 12
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is Article 9.1. The Environment Minister stated that the provision of climate finance is a duty cast on developed countries by this article, and that such finance must be predictable, largely public and concessional so that it does not add to the debt burden of developing countries. India is therefore seeking a decision at the conference to commence the Climate Finance Work Programme. Options A, B and D name provisions that were not cited in the briefing for this purpose. Students should also note the parallel demand under the biodiversity convention, where India pressed developed countries to fulfil their obligations under Article 20(2) and opposed any mandatory widening of the base of contributors or any shifting of existing financial responsibility onto developing countries.
Read the full article: India Lists Climate Finance Priorities for COP31 in Antalya
Practice Questions
Where is COP31 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change being held?
- A.Antalya, Turkiye
- B.Yerevan, Armenia
- C.Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- D.Belem, Brazil
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The thirty-first Conference of the Parties to the climate convention is being hosted there from 9 to 20 November 2026, and the Union Environment Minister used a press briefing in New Delhi to set out the Indian position for those talks.
Read the full explanation →At the seventeenth session of the desertification convention in Ulaanbaatar, India was elected to which position?
- A.President of the Conference of the Parties
- B.Chair of the Asia-Pacific Regional Group
- C.Chair of the Committee on Science and Technology
- D.Co-Chair of the Global Stocktake
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At the session held in the Mongolian capital, India took that chair and then restated its pledge to restore more than 26 million hectares of degraded land by 2030, while asking for diversified, adequate and sustained international finance for restoration and for drought resilience.
Read the full explanation →PM KUSUM, which promotes solar energy in agriculture, was launched in which month and year?
- A.February 2019
- B.February 2015
- C.August 2020
- D.January 2023
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The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan, shortened to PM KUSUM, was launched then to push solar adoption in farming, cut dependence on diesel and let farmers diversify their earnings.
Read the full explanation →Which of the following is another name used for agrivoltaics?
- A.Floating solar
- B.Dual-use solar
- C.Concentrated solar power
- D.Rooftop solar
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Agrivoltaics is also known as agrisolar or dual-use solar, the names pointing to the same idea of one plot of land serving two purposes, growing a crop and generating electricity.
Read the full explanation →As of August 2025, how many operational agrivoltaic projects did India have and of what installed capacity?
- A.26 projects of 27.54 megawatts
- B.36 projects of 37.54 megawatts
- C.46 projects of 47.54 megawatts
- D.36 projects of 137.54 megawatts
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That was India’s operational agrivoltaic fleet as of August 2025, and alongside it 10 pilot projects were under development. These projects are spread across different agro-climatic regions and use elevated structures, interspace layouts and tracking systems.
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