The Stoke Mandeville Games of 1948, from which the Paralympic movement grew, were organised by:

The correct answer is B, Rome. The Games held at Rome in 1960, with about four hundred athletes from twenty-three countries, are recognised as the first Paralympic Games, and the event has been held every four years since. Option A is wrong because London is where the movement began rather than where the first Games were held: the Stoke Mandeville Games of 1948 were organised near London on the day the London Olympics opened. Option C is wrong because Tokyo hosted the second Paralympic Games in 1964 and hosted them again much later. Option D is wrong because Seoul in 1988 marks a different landmark, the first time the Paralympics were held in the same city and at the same venues as the Olympics, an arrangement that has continued since. Keep 1948 for Stoke Mandeville, 1960 for Rome and 1988 for Seoul.

The correct answer is B, Bonn in Germany. The International Paralympic Committee was founded in 1989 as the world governing body of the movement, and it has been based at Bonn since then; it organises the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games and recognises the national Paralympic committees. Option A is wrong because Lausanne is the seat of the International Olympic Committee, and this is the commonest confusion in the question, since candidates assume the two bodies share a city. Option C is wrong because Monaco houses the headquarters of world athletics, not of the Paralympic movement. Option D is wrong because Kuala Lumpur is associated with regional sporting bodies in Asia and with the badminton federation in earlier years, not with this committee. Fix the pair as Olympic to Lausanne and Paralympic to Bonn.

The correct answer is B, Spirit in Motion. The motto was adopted along with the emblem of three Agitos, the red, blue and green curved shapes that sweep around a central point; agito is Latin for I move, and together the symbol and the motto stand for movement and for athletes converging from every direction. Option A is wrong because faster, higher, stronger is the Olympic motto, translated from the Latin citius, altius, fortius, and belongs to the other movement. Option C is wrong because sport for all is a general slogan of sports promotion used by many bodies and is not the Paralympic motto. Option D is wrong because inspire a generation was the slogan of one particular edition of the Games held in London and not the standing motto of the movement.

The correct answer is B, Murlikant Petkar. An army man wounded by bullets in the war of 1965, he took to swimming during his recovery and won the fifty metre freestyle event at the Heidelberg Games of 1972 in a world record time, giving India its first Paralympic gold medal, which remained the country’s only one for decades. Option A is wrong because Devendra Jhajharia won his first gold at Athens in 2004, thirty-two years later, and his distinction is being the first Indian with two Paralympic golds. Option C is wrong because Mariyappan Thangavelu won the high jump at Rio in 2016. Option D is wrong because Sumit Antil won the javelin at the Tokyo Games with a world record, which is a recent achievement. Remember Petkar with swimming and 1972.

The correct answer is B, Deepa Malik, who won a silver medal in the shot put at the Rio Games of 2016 and so became the first Indian woman to win a Paralympic medal of any colour; she has since received the Khel Ratna, the highest sporting award of the country. Option A is wrong because Avani Lekhara holds a different first: she is the first Indian woman to win a Paralympic gold, in the ten metre air rifle standing event at the Tokyo Games, and these two firsts are regularly swapped in options. Option C is wrong because Bhavina Patel won India’s first Paralympic medal in table tennis, a sport-specific first, at Tokyo. Option D is wrong because Sharmila Nicollet is a professional golfer and has no connection with the Paralympic Games.