The Council of Trent, the central event of the Counter-Reformation, met between
- A.1517 and 1521
- B.1545 and 1563
- C.1588 and 1600
- D.1618 and 1648
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is B, 1545 and 1563. The Council of Trent, summoned by the Pope, sat in several sessions between 1545 and 1563, abolished the worst abuses such as the sale of indulgences, imposed discipline and training on the clergy and restated Catholic doctrine against the Protestants. Option A, 1517 to 1521, covers the opening of the Reformation itself, from the Ninety Five Theses to the Diet of Worms where Luther refused to withdraw. Option C has no event of this chapter attached to it. Option D, 1618 to 1648, is the Thirty Years War, the last and most destructive of the wars of religion, closed by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Keep the other Counter-Reformation facts with Trent: the Society of Jesus of Ignatius Loyola, the Index of Prohibited Books and the Inquisition.
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Practice Questions
View allThe fall of Constantinople, which sent Greek scholars westwards into Italy and helped begin the Renaissance, took place in which year?
- A.1453
- B.1492
- C.1498
- D.1517
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Constantinople, the capital of the eastern Roman or Byzantine empire, was captured by the Ottoman Turks under Sultan Mehmed the Second in 1453.
Read the full explanation →Who among the following is called the father of humanism?
- A.Dante Alighieri
- B.Petrarch
- C.Boccaccio
- D.Niccolo Machiavelli
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Francesco Petrarch, an Italian poet and scholar of the fourteenth century, collected and studied classical Latin manuscripts and placed human life, reason and the individual at the centre of learning, which is why he is remembered as the father of humanism.
Read the full explanation →The book The Prince, which treats politics as a craft separate from morality, was written by whom?
- A.Thomas More
- B.Erasmus
- C.Niccolo Machiavelli
- D.Martin Luther
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Machiavelli, a Florentine diplomat, wrote the Prince as advice to a ruler on how to win and keep power, judging actions by their results rather than by religious morality, and the word Machiavellian comes from this book.
Read the full explanation →Printing with movable metal type was introduced in Europe by
- A.Johannes Gutenberg
- B.William Caxton
- C.Leonardo da Vinci
- D.Nicolaus Copernicus
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Gutenberg of Mainz in Germany built the first European printing press with movable metal type about the middle of the fifteenth century and printed the Bible that carries his name.
Read the full explanation →The Ninety Five Theses, which began the Reformation, were published in 1517 against which practice of the Church?
- A.The celibacy of priests
- B.The sale of indulgences
- C.The use of Latin in prayer
- D.The worship of images
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An indulgence was a pardon for sin sold for money, and the campaign to sell indulgences in Germany to pay for building work at Rome was the immediate provocation for Martin Luther, who nailed or posted his Ninety Five Theses at Wittenberg on 31 October 1517 arguing that no payment…
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