The Colosseum, one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, is located in which city?

The correct answer is B, Paris. The Eiffel Tower was built by Gustave Eiffel and completed in 1889 in Paris for the world exposition held to mark the centenary of the French Revolution, and it has remained the best known landmark of France. Option A is wrong because London's landmarks are Big Ben in the Elizabeth Tower of the Palace of Westminster, Buckingham Palace and Tower Bridge. Option C is wrong because Rome is the city of the Colosseum, the great amphitheatre of the Roman empire, and of the Vatican beside it. Option D is wrong because Berlin is the city of the Brandenburg Gate. A detail worth adding is that Gustave Eiffel also designed the internal framework of the Statue of Liberty, which connects two of the most frequently set monuments in this chapter.

The correct answer is B, France. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France to the United States, dedicated in 1886, designed by the sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi with its internal framework by Gustave Eiffel, and it stands on an island at the entrance to New York harbour. Option A is wrong because Britain was the power from which the American colonies had won independence, so a gift of this kind from Britain would make no sense. Option C is wrong because Spain's connection with the Americas lies in the earlier age of exploration and colonisation. Option D is wrong because Italy made no such gift, and the name is placed in the options only because of the country's reputation in sculpture. The statue stands on Liberty Island at the entrance to New York harbour and was raised there as a mark of the friendship between the two republics.

The correct answer is B, Angkor Wat. Angkor Wat in Cambodia is the largest religious monument in the world; it was built in the twelfth century as a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu and later became a Buddhist site, and its image appears on the national flag of Cambodia. Option A is wrong because Borobudur in Java, Indonesia, is the largest Buddhist temple in the world, which is a narrower superlative and the commonest confusion here. Option C is wrong because Hagia Sophia at Istanbul is famous as a church that became a mosque, not for its size. Option D is wrong because the Potala Palace at Lhasa was the residence of the Dalai Lama and is remembered for its setting rather than for being the largest.

The correct answer is B, Peru. Machu Picchu is the Inca citadel set high in the Andes of Peru, and it was chosen in 2007 as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Option A is wrong because the wonder in Mexico is Chichen Itza, the Mayan site in Yucatan, and the two are the pair most often interchanged because both are pre-Columbian sites of Latin America. Option C is wrong because the wonder in Brazil is Christ the Redeemer, the statue above Rio de Janeiro. Option D is wrong because Chile has no entry in the list. Learning the three Latin American wonders together, Machu Picchu in Peru, Chichen Itza in Mexico and Christ the Redeemer in Brazil, prevents the usual mistake.

The correct answer is B, Jordan. Petra is the city carved into rose-red rock in southern Jordan, built by the Nabataeans, and it was included among the New Seven Wonders of the World chosen in 2007. Option A is wrong because Egypt's entry in the wider list is the Great Pyramid of Giza, which was given honorary standing as the only survivor of the ancient wonders rather than being voted in. Option C is wrong because Turkey's famous monuments are Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque at Istanbul, neither of which is in the list. Option D is wrong because Iran, with Persepolis among its ancient sites, has no entry either. Petra and Jordan are best learnt as a fixed pair. Petra is also known as the rose-red city for the colour of the sandstone from which its facades were carved, a description papers sometimes use in place of the name.