The Central Food Technological Research Institute, a CSIR laboratory, is located in which city?

The correct answer is B, Trombay in Mumbai. The centre began in 1954 as the Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay and was renamed the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in memory of Homi Jehangir Bhabha, the architect of India's atomic programme; the research reactors Apsara, Cirus and Dhruva are all on this campus. Option A, Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu, holds the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, which works on the fast breeder reactor line, and it is the commonest confusion with Trombay. Option C, Tarapur in Maharashtra, is the site of India's oldest nuclear power station, not of a research centre. Option D, Indore, is the home of the Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, which works on lasers and accelerators. Keep the division clear: Trombay for BARC, Kalpakkam for IGCAR, Indore for accelerator research.

The correct answer is B, Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh. The spaceport lies on an island on the Bay of Bengal coast, chosen because launches to the east pass over the sea and because its nearness to the equator helps eastward launches; it is named after Satish Dhawan, a former chairman of ISRO. Option A, Thiruvananthapuram, houses the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, where launch vehicles are designed, and also the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station used for small sounding rockets, which makes it a strong distractor. Option C, Hassan in Karnataka, holds the Master Control Facility, from which satellites in geostationary orbit are commanded. Option D, Balasore in Odisha, is the missile test range at Chandipur, which belongs to the defence establishment and not to ISRO.

The correct answer is A, Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu. The centre was set up in 1971 and is the country's main laboratory for the second stage of the nuclear programme, in which plutonium from spent fuel is used in fast breeder reactors; the Fast Breeder Test Reactor and the prototype fast breeder project are both at Kalpakkam. Options B, C and D are all nuclear power station sites rather than research centres, which is what makes them plausible: Kaiga in Karnataka and Kakrapar in Gujarat run pressurised heavy water reactors of Indian design, and Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu runs light water reactors built with Russian collaboration. The point to carry away is that power stations and research centres are different things, and that Kalpakkam holds both a research centre and the Madras Atomic Power Station.

The correct answer is B, Pusa in New Delhi. The institute began in 1905 at Pusa in Bihar, and after the Bihar earthquake of 1934 damaged its buildings it was shifted to Delhi, where the campus is still called Pusa; it is the country's leading agricultural research and teaching institute and was central to the Green Revolution. Option A, Karnal in Haryana, is the home of the National Dairy Research Institute and the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute. Option C, Izatnagar near Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh, holds the Indian Veterinary Research Institute. Option D, Cuttack in Odisha, holds the national rice research institute. All four belong to the agricultural council, which is why the question is set this way; the Pusa name travelling from Bihar to Delhi is the detail that fixes the answer.

The correct answer is B, Karnal, in Haryana. The institute is the country's main centre for research and training in dairy science, covering animal breeding, milk production and dairy technology, and it works under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research; Karnal also holds the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute. Option A, Anand in Gujarat, is the strongest distractor, because it is the home of Amul and of the cooperative movement that produced Operation Flood, and it holds the Institute of Rural Management; it is a dairy centre, but not this institute. Option C, Hisar in Haryana, has an agricultural university and a buffalo research centre. Option D, Mysuru in Karnataka, holds the Central Food Technological Research Institute and the Defence Food Research Laboratory, both concerned with food rather than with dairying alone.