The Buddha delivered his first sermon, the Dharmachakra Pravartana, at which place in Uttar Pradesh?

The correct answer is B, Sarnath. After attaining enlightenment at Bodh Gaya, the Buddha walked to the deer park at Sarnath, near Varanasi, and preached to the five companions who had earlier left him. That first sermon is called the Dharmachakra Pravartana, the turning of the wheel of law, and it is also where the first sangha was formed. Sarnath today has the Dhamek Stupa, the Chaukhandi Stupa and the stump of Ashoka's pillar whose Lion Capital became India's state emblem.

Option A is wrong because Kushinagar is where the Buddha attained mahaparinirvana, the end of his life, not the beginning of his teaching. Option C is wrong because Shravasti, the capital of Kosala, is where he spent many rainy seasons and performed the twin miracle, but it was not the site of the first sermon. Option D is wrong because Kaushambi, on the Yamuna, was a Vatsa capital he visited later.