Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, National Unity Day, is observed on 31 October, the birth anniversary of:

The correct answer is B, Jawaharlal Nehru. Shanti Van, meaning the forest of peace, is the memorial on the bank of the Yamuna where the first Prime Minister of India was cremated after his death on 27 May 1964. A is wrong because Mahatma Gandhi was cremated at Raj Ghat, the black marble platform with an eternal flame and the words Hey Ram, which is the best known of these memorials. C is wrong because Lal Bahadur Shastri's samadhi is Vijay Ghat, the name recalling the victory in the war of 1965. D is wrong because Indira Gandhi's memorial is Shakti Sthal; Vir Bhumi belongs to Rajiv Gandhi. Learning the five principal names in order, Raj Ghat, Shanti Van, Vijay Ghat, Shakti Sthal and Vir Bhumi, answers most questions of this kind.

The correct answer is B, Jawaharlal Nehru. Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 and was affectionately called Chacha Nehru by children, so his birth anniversary is observed as Children's Day in India, with programmes in schools across the country. A is wrong because Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869, which is observed as Gandhi Jayanti and as the International Day of Non-Violence. C is wrong because Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, was born on 3 December 1884. D is wrong because Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the first Vice President and second President, was born on 5 September 1888, observed as Teachers' Day; mixing up Children's Day and Teachers' Day is the usual error in this question. For revision, keep the three November and September dates apart: 14 November for Children's Day, 11 November for National Education Day and 5 September for Teachers' Day, since all three belong to leaders of the same generation.

The correct answer is A, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. The chief architect of the Indian Constitution died on 6 December 1956, and the day is observed as Mahaparinirvan Diwas, a Buddhist term for the final release, since he had embraced Buddhism shortly before his death. He was cremated at Chaitya Bhoomi in Dadar, Mumbai, where huge crowds gather every year on this date. B is wrong because Sardar Patel died on 15 December 1950, and his birth anniversary of 31 October is observed as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas. C is wrong because Lala Lajpat Rai died on 17 November 1928 after a police lathi charge at Lahore. D is wrong because Maulana Azad died on 22 February 1958, and his birthday of 11 November is National Education Day.

The correct answer is B, Lal Bahadur Shastri. Shastri, the second Prime Minister of India, died at Tashkent on 11 January 1966, a day after signing the Tashkent Declaration with Pakistan, and his samadhi in Delhi is named Vijay Ghat after the victory of 1965. A is wrong because Chaudhary Charan Singh, remembered as a leader of farmers, has Kisan Ghat as his memorial, and his birthday of 23 December is observed as Kisan Diwas. C is wrong because Morarji Desai's samadhi, Abhay Ghat, is not in Delhi at all but at Ahmedabad in Gujarat, which makes it a favourite distractor. D is wrong because Giani Zail Singh's memorial is Ekta Sthal. Shastri's slogan Jai Jawan Jai Kisan is often asked in the same paper.

The correct answer is A, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi. Shakti Sthal, the place of power, is the samadhi of Indira Gandhi, who was assassinated on 31 October 1984, and Vir Bhumi, the land of the brave, is the samadhi of Rajiv Gandhi, who was assassinated on 21 May 1991, a day now observed as Anti-Terrorism Day. B is wrong because it reverses the pair, which is exactly the mistake the question is set to catch. C is wrong because Vir Bhumi is Rajiv Gandhi's memorial, and no such named samadhi is asked for Sanjay Gandhi. D is wrong because the memorial of Jawaharlal Nehru is Shanti Van. Keeping the meanings in mind helps: Shanti for peace, Vijay for victory, Shakti for power and Vir for bravery.