Consider the following statements: 1. The Global Ocean Commission grants licences for seabed exploration and mining in international waters. 2. India has received licences for seabed mineral exploration in international waters. 3. 'Rare earth minerals' are present on seafloor in international waters. Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A.1 and 2 only
- B.2 and 3 only
- C.1 and 3 only
- D.1, 2 and 3
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is B, 2 and 3 only. Licences for deep-sea exploration in international waters are granted by the International Seabed Authority, not by the Global Ocean Commission.
The International Seabed Authority (ISA), set up under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and based in Kingston, Jamaica, controls mineral activity in 'the Area', the seabed beyond national jurisdiction. India was the first country to be given pioneer investor status and holds ISA contracts to explore polymetallic nodules in the Central Indian Ocean Basin and polymetallic sulphides along the Indian Ocean ridge. Deep-sea muds and nodules are known to contain rare earth elements.
A is wrong because statement 1 is false. C is wrong because statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true. D is wrong because the Global Ocean Commission was only an independent advocacy panel and issued no licences.
Exam tip: Seabed licences beyond national waters = International Seabed Authority, Kingston, Jamaica (under UNCLOS).
Practice Questions
View allConsider the following statements:
1. In the tropical zone, the western sections of the oceans are warmer than the eastern sections owing to the influence of trade winds.
2. In the temperate zone, westerlies make the eastern sections of oceans warmer than the western sections.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A.1 only
- B.2 only
- C.Both 1 and 2
- D.Neither 1 nor 2
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The prevailing winds push warm surface water west in the tropics and east in the middle latitudes. In the tropics the trade winds blow from east to west.
Read the full explanation →Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: The soil in tropical rain forests is rich in nutrients.
Statement-II: The high temperature and moisture of tropical rain forests cause dead organic matter in the soil to decompose quickly.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
- A.Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
- B.Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
- C.Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
- D.Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
Show answer
Rain forest soils are poor in nutrients, even though dead matter decomposes very fast there. In the hot, wet climate of tropical rain forests, fallen leaves and wood are broken down by fungi, bacteria and insects within weeks.
Read the full explanation →Consider the following statements about Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India:
1. PVTGs reside in 18 States and one Union Territory.
2. A stagnant or declining population is one of the criteria for determining PVTG status.
3. There are 95 PVTGs officially notified in the country so far.
4. Irular and Konda Reddi tribes are included in the list of PVTGs.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A.1, 2 and 3
- B.2, 3 and 4
- C.1, 2 and 4
- D.1, 3 and 4
Show answer
Statement 3 is wrong: 75 PVTGs have been notified in India, not 95. The category was created in 1973, following the Dhebar Commission, as 'Primitive Tribal Groups' and renamed PVTGs in 2006.
Read the full explanation →Among the following, which one is the least water-efficient crop?
- A.Sugarcane
- B.Sunflower
- C.Pearl millet
- D.Red gram
Show answer
Sugarcane needs far more water to grow than the other three crops, so it is the least water-efficient. Sugarcane stays in the field for 12 to 18 months and needs roughly 1,500 to 2,500 mm of water over its life, often supplied by heavy irrigation.
Read the full explanation →With reference to the Earth's atmosphere, which one of the following statements is correct?
- A.The total amount of insolation received at the equator is roughly about 10 times of that received at the poles.
- B.Infrared rays constitute roughly two-thirds of insolation.
- C.Infrared waves are largely absorbed by water vapour that is concentrated in the lower atmosphere.
- D.Infrared waves are a part of visible spectrum of electromagnetic waves of solar radiation.
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Infrared radiation is strongly absorbed by water vapour, and most water vapour lies in the lowest few kilometres of the atmosphere.
Read the full explanation →