Consider the following pairs of vaccine and category/type : 1. Covaxin : Inactivated pathogen-based vaccine 2. Covishield : mRNA vaccine 3. Sputnik V : Viral vector-based vaccine Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched ?
- A.1 only
- B.2 and 3 only
- C.1 and 3 only
- D.1, 2 and 3
Correct answer
Explanation
The correct answer is C, 1 and 3 only. Covaxin is an inactivated virus vaccine and Sputnik V is a viral vector vaccine, but Covishield is a viral vector vaccine, not an mRNA vaccine. Covaxin, made by Bharat Biotech with ICMR, uses whole coronavirus particles that have been killed so they cannot multiply but still train the immune system. Covishield, the Serum Institute of India's version of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine, uses a harmless chimpanzee adenovirus that carries the gene for the spike protein into human cells. Sputnik V, from Russia's Gamaleya Institute, also uses adenovirus vectors, two different human ones for its two doses. mRNA vaccines, such as those of Pfizer–BioNTech and Moderna, instead deliver messenger RNA wrapped in lipid particles. Option A is wrong because pair 3 is also correct. Option B is wrong because pair 2 is wrong. Option D is wrong because it includes the wrong pair 2. Exam tip: Covaxin is inactivated; Covishield and Sputnik V are adenovirus vectors; Pfizer and Moderna are mRNA.
Practice Questions
View allWhich one of the following statements about sound is NOT correct?
- A.Sound travels at a speed slower than the speed of light
- B.Sound waves are transverse waves
- C.Sound waves are longitudinal waves
- D.Sound travels faster in moist air than in dry air
Show answer
This statement is false, because sound in air travels as longitudinal waves, not transverse waves. In a longitudinal wave, the particles of the medium vibrate back and forth along the direction in which the wave moves, forming compressions and rarefactions.
Read the full explanation →Power of a lens of focal length 25 cm is
- A.+2.5 Dioptre
- B.+3 Dioptre
- C.+4 Dioptre
- D.+5 Dioptre
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Power is the reciprocal of the focal length in metres, so P = 1 ÷ 0.25 m = +4 D. The power of a lens tells how strongly it converges or diverges light.
Read the full explanation →In which one of the following devices, the light energy is converted into the electrical energy?
- A.Light-emitting diode
- B.Laser diode
- C.Solar cell
- D.Transistor
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A solar cell turns the energy of sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. A solar cell is a large p-n junction, usually made of silicon.
Read the full explanation →Two conducting wires of the same material and of equal lengths and equal diameters are first connected in parallel and then in series in a circuit across the same potential difference. The ratio of heat produced in parallel and series combinations is
- A.2:1
- B.4:1
- C.1:2
- D.1:4
Show answer
With the same voltage, heat varies inversely as resistance, and the parallel resistance is one-fourth of the series resistance. The two wires are identical, so each has the same resistance R. In series the total resistance is R + R = 2R; in parallel it is R/2.
Read the full explanation →The amount of air breathed in and out during a normal respiration by human lungs is referred to as
- A.Vital capacity
- B.Tidal volume
- C.Inspiratory volume
- D.Total lung capacity
Show answer
Tidal volume is the volume of air breathed in or out in one normal, quiet breath, about 500 mL in a healthy adult.
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