According to the figure cited at the DRDO curtain-raiser, semiconductor business is expected to rise to 200 billion dollars by which year?

The correct answer is Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. The Emerging Science, Technology and Innovation Conclave, shortened to ESTIC-2026, is to be held there from 27 to 29 October 2026, and DRDO will lead its thematic session on semiconductors and next-generation chips. Option A, Vigyan Bhawan, and option C, Yashobhoomi in Dwarka, are both well known conference venues in the capital, but neither is hosting this conclave. Option D, Bengaluru, is the distractor a hurried reader is most likely to pick, because DRDO did hold its curtain-raiser event for the session in that city on 13 October 2026; the conclave itself, however, is a Delhi event. Candidates should separate the two places in their notes: Bengaluru for the preparatory event, Bharat Mandapam for the conclave. The conclave is organised jointly by 12 ministries and departments under the guidance of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India.

The correct answer is twelve. The conclave is being organised jointly by 12 ministries and departments, and the whole exercise is guided by the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India. That spread of ministries is what makes the conclave a national initiative rather than a single department's event, and its stated purpose is to carry forward the goal of Viksit Bharat @ 2047 while strengthening self-reliance through science, technology and innovation. Options A, B and D, namely eight, ten and fifteen, are plausible-looking round numbers of the kind often attached to inter-ministerial events, but none of them is the figure announced for this conclave. A useful way to hold the fact is to pair the two numbers that belong to this news together: twelve organising ministries and departments, and the three days from 27 to 29 October 2026 over which the conclave runs at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi.

The correct answer is photocatalysis and piezocatalysis. The filter breaks down dyes using light and mechanical vibration at the same time. The vibrations create a piezoelectric polarisation in the material, which holds back the recombination of the electrons and holes generated by light and therefore raises the formation of reactive species that attack dye molecules. Options A and C are wrong because adsorption, flocculation, sedimentation and biological treatment are older approaches: the first group separates pollutants without necessarily destroying them, and biological treatment is slow for highly stable dyes. Option D names processes that were not part of this study. Remember also that putting the catalyst inside an electrospun membrane solves the practical problem of recovering nanoparticle catalysts from treated water.

The correct answer is 98.6 per cent in 120 minutes. Under light and ultrasonic excitation applied together, the membrane of polylactic acid and zinc oxide removed the colour of 98.6 per cent of methylene blue in that time. Option C gives the figure for the other dye tested, congo red, which lost 96.7 per cent of its colour in the same period, so it is a close but wrong choice. Options A and B are wrong because those percentages belong to the antibacterial results: the material inactivated about 75 per cent of E. coli and 71 per cent of S. aureus after 6 hours of contact. Keeping the dye results and the germ killing results apart is important, since a paper setter will often swap one figure for the other in the options.

The correct answer is turmeric extract. The nanoparticles were synthesised in the laboratory of Aviru Kumar Basu using an extract of turmeric, in which naturally occurring compounds such as curcumin, flavonoids and phenolic compounds worked as the reducing and stabilising agents. This green route matters because it avoids the harmful reagents that conventional synthesis of nanoparticles depends on, so the material itself is made in an environment friendly way before it is used to clean water. The other options name plant materials that are often used in green synthesis research in general but were not the source here, which makes them plausible yet incorrect. Candidates should remember the pairing of turmeric with zinc oxide and curcumin's role as a reducing agent in this experiment.