Indian Polity Mixed Quiz: Set 17

Part III holds the fundamental rights, and those rights are justiciable: a citizen may go straight to the Supreme Court under Article 32 or to a High Court under Article 226 and have them enforced.

Subordinate courts are the courts at the district level and below, and they hear civil and criminal cases as courts of first instance.

Article 143 gives the Supreme Court its advisory jurisdiction: when a question of law or fact of public importance has arisen or is likely to arise, the President may refer it to the Court for its opinion.

Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar was the Chief Justice of India when the nine-judge bench delivered its verdict in Justice K.S.

The Fundamental Duties were taken from the constitution of the erstwhile Soviet Union, the only major constitution of the time that listed the duties of citizens.

Karnataka has a two house legislature, the Legislative Assembly or Vidhan Sabha and the Legislative Council or Vidhan Parishad, so it is bicameral.

The Constitution does not fix any time limit within which the President must give or withhold assent to an ordinary bill.

The 74th Amendment Act, 1992 gave Municipalities constitutional status and made the State Election Commission responsible for their elections. It added Part IXA (Articles 243P to 243ZG) and the Twelfth Schedule with 18 subjects for urban local bodies.

Droupadi Murmu was elected President in July 2022, defeating Yashwant Sinha, and took the oath on 25 July 2022, succeeding Ram Nath Kovind, the 14th President.

The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 changed so many parts of the Constitution that it is called the 'Mini Constitution'. It was passed during the Emergency under Indira Gandhi's government on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee.

Article 64 makes the Vice-President the ex officio Chairman of the Council of States, that is, the Rajya Sabha. "Ex officio" means by virtue of the office: nobody elects the Chairman separately.

The Constitution (Sixty-first Amendment) Act, 1988 changed Article 326, which provides for elections to the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies on the basis of adult suffrage, and lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years.

It provides that the Vice-President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament, elected and nominated alike, by proportional representation through the single transferable vote and by secret ballot.

India took the idea of a single citizenship for the whole country from the British constitution. Part II of the Constitution, Articles 5 to 11, deals with citizenship.

Under Article 67(b), the Vice-President can be removed by a resolution of the Rajya Sabha passed by a majority of all its then members, an "effective majority", and agreed to by the Lok Sabha by a simple majority.

Article 3 lets Parliament, by an ordinary law, form a new state by separating territory from a state, join states, and change the area, boundaries or name of any state.

The philosopher and teacher Dr S. Radhakrishnan was India's first Vice-President, from 1952 to 1962, serving two full terms. He then became the second President of India (1962–67).

The Tenth Schedule, popularly called the anti-defection law, was added by the 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1985.

Article 64 of the Constitution makes the Vice President the ex officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, and Article 89 repeats it.

The Committee on Prevention of Corruption (1962-64), headed by K. Santhanam, recommended a central body to keep watch over honesty in government, and the Central Vigilance Commission was set up in February 1964 by an executive resolution of the Union government.