Geography Mixed Quiz: Set 128

Around 240 BC Eratosthenes, the librarian of Alexandria in Egypt, learnt that at noon on the summer solstice the Sun shone straight down a well at Syene (modern Aswan), so it was directly overhead there.

A glacier moving to the coast deepens its valley below the level of the sea; when the ice melts, salt water enters the deep U-shaped trough and leaves a long, narrow, steep-sided inlet, the fjord, of which the coasts of Norway, Chile, Greenland and New Zealand give the best examples.

Each characteristic in the list belongs to a different layer from the one it is paired with. Ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer, which lies in the stratosphere, roughly 15 to 35 km above the Earth.

Kangchenjunga rises to 8,586 metres on the border between Sikkim and Nepal and is the third highest mountain in the world after Everest and K2; its name means the five treasures of snow, and the Kangchenjunga National Park around it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2016.

Mangaluru lies on the Karnataka coast, on the western, windward side of the Western Ghats. The south-west monsoon winds coming off the Arabian Sea strike the Ghats there, rise and shed heavy rain, so the coastal belt gets well over 3,000 mm a year.

The Indus Waters Treaty was signed at Karachi on 19 September 1960 by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru of India and President Mohammad Ayub Khan of Pakistan, after nine years of negotiation begun in 1952 through the good offices of the World Bank, which signed the treaty as a third party.

Ocean currents are set off by solar heating and wind, while gravity and the Coriolis force shape how the water moves.

Statements 2 and 4 are correct, while statements 1 and 3 name the wrong city. The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), set up in 1986, has its headquarters at Noida in Uttar Pradesh and develops and regulates the national waterways.

The Luhri Hydro-Electric Project is a run-of-the-river scheme on the Satluj (Sutlej) in Himachal Pradesh, on the stretch between the Shimla and Kullu districts.

In an EEZ every country keeps the freedom to sail ships, fly aircraft and lay submarine cables and pipelines, so these are not rights reserved for the coastal state.

Jamshedpur stands at the meeting point of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers, not the Damodar and Barakar. Jamsetji Tata chose Sakchi, later named Jamshedpur, and the Tata Iron and Steel Company began production there in 1912.

Albania lies on the Adriatic, Kazakhstan on the Caspian and Morocco on the Mediterranean. The Adriatic Sea separates Italy from the Balkan coast of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania.

Kamarajar Port, earlier called Ennore Port, lies on the Coromandel Coast about 24 km north of Chennai. The port was built to take the load of coal imports off Chennai Port and to feed the thermal power stations of the Tamil Nadu electricity board.

Land left uncultivated for more than one year but less than five years falls in this category of the land revenue records.

Assam touches Bhutan and Bangladesh abroad and all the other six north-eastern states plus West Bengal at home. Assam's international borders are with Bhutan in the north and Bangladesh in the south-west, along the Barak valley and Dhubri side.

Groundwater is fed by rain that soaks into the ground, so how far a place lies from the coast does not by itself decide how much groundwater it has.

The Caucasus Mountains run for about 1,100 kilometres from the eastern shore of the Black Sea to the western shore of the Caspian Sea, forming a wall across the isthmus between the two seas.

Mass wasting, or mass movement, is the downslope movement of rock and soil under the direct pull of gravity, without a carrying agent such as running water or wind.

A cumulonimbus cloud is the final stage of a growing cumulus cloud. On a hot day, rising warm air forms small fair-weather cumulus.

Those areas have a Mediterranean climate with dry summers and winter rain, and their vegetation is evergreen scrub such as chaparral and maquis, not rain forest.