General Science Mixed Quiz: Set 24

White light is a mixture of colours, and the refractive index of the glass of a prism is slightly different for each of them, being greatest for violet and least for red.

Both are tiny algae grown in tanks and sold as protein rich food supplements, and both have been studied as food for astronauts.

SONAR stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging. A transmitter on the ship sends short ultrasonic pulses into the water, the pulses are reflected from the sea bed, a submarine, an iceberg or a shoal of fish, and a detector records the returning echo.

The BCG vaccine takes its name from Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin, the two French scientists who developed it from a weakened strain of Mycobacterium bovis.

By Ohm's law the resistance equals the potential difference divided by the current. Here the current must first be converted into the base unit: two milliampere is 0.002 ampere.

Opium is the dried latex of the opium poppy, whose botanical name is Papaver somniferum; the second word means sleep bringing.

The capacity of a shell is given by the formula 2n squared, where n is the number of the shell counted outward from the nucleus.

In a suspension the particles of the solute are large enough to be seen and do not dissolve; they stay spread through the liquid only while it is stirred and settle to the bottom when it is left standing.

It is a reduction division: one parent cell with the full, diploid set gives four cells with half the number of chromosomes, the haploid set.

A normal umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein, three blood vessels in all. The umbilical cord joins the developing foetus to the placenta.

Aerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen, giving carbon dioxide, water and a large amount of energy.

A hydrogen ion (H+) is just a bare proton, so it cannot stay alone in water. It at once attaches itself to a water molecule and forms the hydronium ion, H3O+.

Blood is filtered in the glomerulus of the nephron, and the filtrate that first enters the tubule still holds many useful substances.

All three are genetic disorders, caused by changes in genes or chromosomes and passed on through birth, not by germs.

Dendrites and the axon are the two kinds of processes that grow out of a neuron, the nerve cell that carries messages through the body.

Calaverite is gold telluride, with the formula AuTe2. It is one of the very few minerals in which gold occurs chemically combined rather than as the free metal, because gold is a noble metal that usually resists reaction.

Carotenoids are the yellow, orange and red pigments inside the chloroplast that absorb sunlight and hand the energy on to chlorophyll, so they are the only choice here that traps light for photosynthesis.

Red algae, the division Rhodophyta, live in water, mostly in warm and shallow sea water, with a few species in fresh water.

Bacteria are grouped by shape, and bacilli are the rod-shaped ones; the Latin word bacillus itself means a small rod or stick.

A ligament is the connective tissue that joins one bone to another at a joint. It is very elastic and strong, and it holds the bones in place so that a joint can move without the bones slipping apart.