General Science Mixed Quiz: Set 116

The energy gained is the charge of the electron multiplied by the potential difference it crosses. Energy W = qV.

The 2011 FSSAI labelling rules made the list of ingredients, nutrition information and the vegetarian or non-vegetarian mark compulsory, but not medical advice on allergies.

A guard tube is filled with anhydrous calcium chloride, which absorbs moisture and keeps the hydrogen chloride gas dry. In the school experiment, hydrogen chloride gas is made by heating sodium chloride with concentrated sulphuric acid, and the gas is passed through a guard tube containing calcium chloride.

Meiosis makes gametes that differ from one another, and fertilization joins a gamete from each of two parents, so every offspring gets a new mix of genes.

A rainbow forms only because sunlight is refracted, dispersed and internally reflected inside raindrops. When sunlight enters a water droplet it is refracted and split into its colours (dispersion), because each colour bends by a different amount.

Above the threshold, the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons rises as the frequency of the light rises, so the statement that it does not change is wrong.

Quartz is crystalline silicon dioxide (SiO₂), an electrical insulator, not a semiconductor. A semiconductor has a conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator, and its conductivity rises with temperature or when impurities are added (doping).

Pinctada margaritifera is the black lip pearl oyster, a bivalve mollusc of the warm shallow water of the Indo-Pacific, where it fastens itself to coral reefs by strong threads.

Bauxite, a hydrated aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃·2H₂O), is the main ore from which aluminium is extracted. Bauxite is first purified into alumina (aluminium oxide) by the Bayer process.

In a class 3 lever the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load, so the effort always sits nearer the fulcrum and its arm is the shorter of the two.

A shoot growing towards the light is moving in the direction of the stimulus, which makes it a positive tropism.

Temporary hardness comes from dissolved calcium and magnesium hydrogencarbonates (bicarbonates), and it can be removed simply by boiling. On boiling, calcium hydrogencarbonate breaks down into insoluble calcium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide, and the carbonate settles out; this is the scale seen inside kettles.

Kepler's third law says the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of the semimajor axis of its orbit.

The middle ear holds three tiny bones, the smallest in the human body, called the malleus, the incus and the stapes, which in everyday English are the hammer, the anvil and the stirrup.

In Einstein's special theory of 1905 the energy required to accelerate a body with mass rises without limit as its speed approaches that of light, so such a body can come close to but never reach the speed of light in vacuum, which is the same for every observer.

Pollen first reaches the stigma, then the gametes fuse, the zygote divides to form an embryo, and the embryo inside the seed grows into a seedling.

Eichler divided the plant kingdom into two: the Cryptogamae, meaning plants with hidden reproductive organs and no seeds, which include the algae or thallophytes, the bryophytes and the pteridophytes; and the Phanerogamae, the seed bearing plants.

Deep-sea divers breathe a mixture of oxygen and helium because helium does not dissolve much in blood under high pressure.

X-rays can pass through solid materials and their wavelength is close to the spacing of atoms, so they serve both purposes.

Sugar dissolves in water as whole, neutral molecules and releases no ions, so its solution does not conduct electricity. A solution conducts only when it contains free ions that can carry charge between the electrodes.