Indian Economy GK Questions with Answers – Page 36

The index was introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report and is produced jointly with that initiative at the University of Oxford, whose Alkire-Foster method identifies households deprived at the same time in several of ten indicators grouped under health, education and standard of living.

The Human Development Report groups countries in four bands: very high at an HDI of 0.800 and above, high from 0.700 to 0.799, medium from 0.550 to 0.699 and low below 0.550.

Until 2010 the health, education and income indices were averaged arithmetically, which allowed a country to offset a very poor score in one dimension with high scores in the other two.

The switch was made in the 2010 Human Development Report. Gross national income was preferred to gross domestic product because it includes incomes earned abroad and sent home and excludes incomes earned in the country by foreigners, so it is closer to what residents can actually spend; and purchasing power…

It is the composite measure that puts health, education and income together in a single figure between 0 and 1, built as the geometric mean of one index for each of the three dimensions, and published by the UNDP since 1990.

The Human Development Index is built from exactly three dimensions and nothing more: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living.

The Pakistani economist led the team that produced the first Human Development Report for the UNDP in 1990 and designed the index, drawing on the capability approach of Amartya Sen, who advised the work.

The UNDP brought out the first Human Development Report in 1990, with the Human Development Index as its centrepiece, and it has published the report and the index since.

PMAY-Gramin provides unit assistance of 1.20 lakh rupees in the plain areas, released in instalments linked to the stage of construction and paid directly into the beneficiary's account.

Swachh Survekshan has been conducted since 2016 as part of Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban, and it ranks cities on waste collection and processing, public and community toilets and citizen feedback.

Launched on 25 June 2015 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, AMRUT funds water supply, sewerage and septage management, storm water drains, urban transport and green spaces in selected cities, and AMRUT 2.0 followed on 1 October 2021 with an emphasis on recycled water and the rejuvenation of…

The old rural housing scheme was restructured as PMAY-Gramin with effect from 20 November 2016, with beneficiaries now identified from the deprivation data of the Socio-Economic and Caste Census of 2011 and verified by the gram sabha instead of being chosen from the earlier below poverty line lists.

The urban half of the mission, including the construction of community and public toilets, solid waste management and the Swachh Survekshan ranking of cities, is with that ministry, and its second phase, SBM-Urban 2.0, was launched on 1 October 2021 for garbage free cities.

The mission is run by the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation in that ministry, which was itself created in 2019 by merging the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation with drinking water and sanitation.

The mission promises a functional household tap connection giving at least 55 litres of potable water per person per day of prescribed quality, a norm raised from the earlier rural standard.

PMAY-Gramin raised the minimum unit size to 25 square metres, which must include a dedicated area for hygienic cooking, an increase over the 20 square metres allowed under the Indira Awaas Yojana.

PMAY was launched on 25 June 2015, on the same day as AMRUT and the Smart Cities Mission, with the aim of a pucca house for every eligible family.

The declaration was timed for the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, exactly five years after the mission was launched, and the second phase then began with the goal of ODF Plus villages that sustain the status and manage solid and liquid waste.

The mission was launched on the 145th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, with the target of an open defecation free India by 2 October 2019, his 150th birth anniversary, and its logo is a pair of spectacles recalling him.

The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana was launched on 1 May 2016 at Ballia in Uttar Pradesh.