Computer Awareness Previous Year Questions (PYQ) with Answers – Page 8

Unwanted bulk messages sent to many people to advertise something are called spam. Spam usually arrives as e-mail, but the same word is used for unwanted SMS, blog comments and social media messages.

An electronic spreadsheet stores data in a grid of rows and columns and recalculates its formulas whenever a value changes, and Excel is the spreadsheet program of the Microsoft Office suite.

Pressing Shift together with the spacebar selects the whole row that holds the active cell, from column A right across to the last column of the grid.

A new blank document in Microsoft Word 2016 opens in the Calibri font at a size of 11 points, and the same pair of defaults is used from Word 2007 through Word 2019.

WannaCry and Petya are ransomware, and EternalBlue is the Windows exploit that helped them spread. EternalBlue was a hacking tool that exploited a flaw in Microsoft Windows' Server Message Block, the protocol computers use to share files over a network.

A form is the part of a page that collects information from the visitor, and the individual items placed in it to receive that information are called controls, or form controls: the text box, password box, radio button, check box, drop-down list, text area, submit button and reset button.

In computer graphics the three basic two-dimensional transformations are translation, rotation and scaling.

A URL is the address of a web resource: it says where the resource sits on the network and, through the scheme written in front, how it is to be fetched.

A meta search engine keeps no index of its own. It hands the user's query to several other search engines at the same time, collects what they send back, removes repeated hits and shows one merged list.

The href attribute of the anchor tag carries the address the browser should open when the link is clicked, so href alone decides where a link leads.

Netscape Navigator, released in 1994 by Netscape Communications, the company founded by Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark, was the first web browser sold as a commercial product.

An external stylesheet is attached to a page with a link tag written inside the head section, and the tag needs two things: href, which gives the address of the CSS file, and rel, which tells the browser what the linked file is for.

In multimedia, graphics is the broad word for every kind of visual element a computer can store and show, so drawings, photographs, movies and simulations all sit inside it.

The OSI model has seven layers and they are numbered from the bottom upwards, so Layer 1 is the physical layer, the one that actually carries bits over a copper cable, an optical fibre or a radio link.

The attack surface of a system is the total collection of every point at which an unauthorised person could try to enter it or pull data out of it: open ports, running services, user accounts, login pages, removable drives and even the employees who can be tricked.

The Internet of Things means giving everyday objects — machines, sensors, meters, shelves, vehicles — an address on the internet so that they can report what they sense and be controlled from a distance.

A proxy firewall, also called an application gateway, stands between the client and the server as a stand-in for both, opens each message and filters it at the application layer, so it can read a URL, a command or an attachment before passing the request on.

Drupal is a content management system, a free program used to build and run websites; it keeps its pages in a database but is not itself a database management system.

The National Digital Library of India is a single window that brings together lakhs of learning resources, from school books to research papers, and lets a student search them free of cost in many Indian languages.

A LAN joins computers and devices inside a small area such as one room, one building or a campus.