Computer Awareness GK Questions with Answers – Page 4

Overloading means defining several functions of the same name in the same class with different numbers or types of parameters, so the compiler decides which one to call; because the decision is taken before the program runs, it is called compile-time or static polymorphism.

James Gosling and his team at Sun Microsystems developed Java, which was first called Oak and was released under the name Java in 1995; its programs are compiled to bytecode and run on the Java Virtual Machine, which makes them platform independent.

Bjarne Stroustrup developed the language at Bell Laboratories, starting it as C with Classes and giving it the name C++ in 1983; it adds classes, inheritance and polymorphism to C while keeping C procedural power, which is why it is called a hybrid language.

Abstraction presents only what the user needs, such as the accelerator and brake of a car, and keeps the internal working out of sight; in C++ it is obtained through abstract classes with pure virtual functions and in Java through interfaces and abstract classes.

Encapsulation means binding the data members and the member functions that act on them inside one unit, the class, and keeping the data private so that it can be reached only through the methods provided; the standard illustration is a capsule holding the medicine inside it.

Recursion is a general programming technique in which a function calls itself, and it works equally well in procedural languages such as C, so it is not a feature of the object-oriented approach.

Simula 67, designed by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard, introduced the ideas of class, object and inheritance and is therefore treated as the first object-oriented language, from which C++ and Java later borrowed.

Services such as Google Docs and Microsoft 365 save a copy of a document each time it changes, show who edited what and allow a user to restore an older version, which is what makes group editing safe.

The cloud is reached over a network, so working permanently offline is the opposite of what the model offers; the dependence on connectivity is in fact listed among the limitations of cloud computing.

Amazon S3 was launched in 2006 and was among the first large public cloud offerings. It stores data as objects inside containers called buckets rather than as files in folders, and it is used by websites and applications across the world to hold images, backups and logs.

OneDrive is the cloud storage of Microsoft, built into Windows and into the Microsoft 365 suite; it began life under the name SkyDrive and was renamed OneDrive in 2014 after a trademark dispute.

A hybrid cloud joins a private deployment with a public one so that confidential records stay inside the organisation while ordinary or seasonal workloads run on rented public resources, and data can move between the two.

MeghRaj is the brand name of the Government of India Cloud, under which the National Informatics Centre runs the National Cloud so that ministries and state departments can host applications and data without buying separate servers for every project.

DigiLocker was launched in 2015 as part of the Digital India programme of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, and it gives every citizen a cloud account linked to Aadhaar in which boards, universities and transport departments place verified certificates that are accepted on a par with the original…

Google Docs is finished software delivered through a browser; the user installs nothing, manages no server and only works on the document, which is the definition of Software as a Service.

In this model the provider runs finished software on its own servers and the user simply opens it in a browser, as with Gmail, Google Docs, Microsoft 365 or Salesforce, paying by subscription instead of buying a licence and installing it.

Google Drive, launched in 2012, keeps a user files on Google servers, synchronises them to every signed-in device and opens them in Docs, Sheets and Slides for editing in the browser, which is exactly what cloud storage means.

Fourth-generation computers, from about 1971, were built around the microprocessor, a whole CPU on a single chip. Computer generations are named after the main switching technology of the time.

A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the basic unit of information in a quantum computer, just as the bit is in an ordinary computer.

Apache Hive puts a table-like view over files stored in HDFS and lets an analyst write queries in HiveQL, a language close to SQL, which Hive then turns into jobs that run on the cluster, so that no Java programming is needed.