Computer Awareness GK Questions with Answers – Page 15

The Recycle Bin is maintained for the fixed drives of the computer; removable media such as pen drives and memory cards, and files deleted over a network drive, have no Recycle Bin, so Windows warns that the file will be deleted permanently.

The taskbar holds the Start button, the search box, the buttons of pinned and running programs, and at its right the notification area or system tray with the clock, network and volume icons.

The letter E stands for Explorer, and this combination opens File Explorer, earlier called Windows Explorer, which is the program used to browse drives, folders and files.

The clipboard is the area of main memory in which Windows keeps whatever was last cut or copied, so that it can be pasted into the same program or another one; since it lives in volatile memory, its contents are lost when the computer is shut down or restarted.

Because a folder, also called a directory, can contain further folders, the storage of a drive takes the shape of a tree, and a folder held within another is its subdirectory or subfolder.

Windows reserves nine characters for paths, drives and wildcards and will not accept them in a file name: the backslash, the forward slash, the colon, the asterisk, the question mark, the double quotation mark, the less than and greater than signs, and the vertical bar.

NTFS was introduced with Windows NT and is now the normal file system for the disk on which Windows itself is installed, because it supports file and folder permissions, encryption, compression, journaling that helps recovery after a crash, and very large volumes and files.

The Delete key alone moves a file from the hard disk to the Recycle Bin, where it occupies space until the Bin is emptied and from where it can be restored.

Selecting a file in File Explorer and pressing F2 puts its name into edit mode, so the new name can be typed directly; the same result is got by right-clicking and choosing Rename.

This is the complement law for addition, which corresponds to the OR operation. Whatever value A takes, one of A and its complement must be 1, and an OR gate gives 1 whenever any input is 1, so the expression is 1 in both cases.

Each input can take one of two values, so for three inputs the number of distinct combinations is two multiplied by itself three times, that is two raised to the power three, which is eight.

It is the only gate that takes a single input, and it simply reverses the logic level it receives, giving 1 for an input of 0 and 0 for an input of 1; because the output is the inverse or complement of the input, the circuit is called an inverter.

Adding two single bits gives a sum that is 1 when exactly one of the bits is 1 and 0 when both are 0 or both are 1, which is precisely the XOR rule; so in a half adder the sum line comes from an XOR gate.

The system was a work of pure mathematics for decades until Claude Shannon showed that it described electrical switching circuits exactly, which opened the way to digital computing.

In Boolean algebra a literal is any single appearance of a variable in an expression, whether it appears plain or with a bar over it.

An exclusive OR gate is a difference detector: it gives 1 for the combinations 0 and 1 or 1 and 0, and gives 0 when the inputs agree.

De Morgan's second theorem states that NOT of A AND B equals NOT A OR NOT B. The working rule is to break the bar and change the sign, so a dot under a complement becomes a plus once the complement is distributed over the variables.

Each of these gates alone is enough to build every other gate and so every logic circuit: a NAND with its two inputs tied together acts as a NOT, two NANDs in sequence give an AND, and a suitable arrangement of three gives an OR, and the same can be…

Read the table row by row. The output is 0 only when both inputs are 0, and it is 1 in the other three rows, including the row where both inputs are 1.

A URL is the address of a web resource: it says where the resource sits on the network and, through the scheme written in front, how it is to be fetched.