Computer Awareness GK Questions with Answers – Page 11

The Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008 came into force on 27 October 2009 and made the most important changes to the parent Act: it added section 3A on electronic signatures, inserted the computer-related offences of sections 66A to 66F and 67A to 67C, added section 43A on compensation for failure…

The helpline 1930 is run with the national cyber crime reporting portal by the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is meant for the quick reporting of online financial fraud so that the transfer of money can be stopped.

Section 3 provides that an electronic record is authenticated by affixing a digital signature created by use of an asymmetric crypto system and a hash function; the hash function reduces the record to a message digest and the signer's private key encrypts it, while anyone can verify it with the…

The First Schedule to the Act excludes certain documents from electronic form: a negotiable instrument other than a cheque, a power of attorney, a trust deed, a will or other testamentary disposition, and any contract for the sale or conveyance of immovable property.

The model law was adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law in 1996 and recommended to member states by the General Assembly, and India's Act follows its scheme for giving legal recognition to electronic records and signatures.

Section 70B, inserted in 2008, appoints the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team as the national nodal agency for collecting, analysing and circulating information on cyber incidents and for issuing advisories; it works under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and was set up in 2004.

Section 66F, inserted by the amendment of 2008, defines cyber terrorism and is the most severely punished offence in the Act, carrying imprisonment which may extend to life.

In 2015 the Supreme Court struck down section 66A, which punished the sending of offensive messages, holding it vague and overbroad and therefore a violation of the freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a).

The Information Technology Act was passed by Parliament in 2000, received assent on 9 June 2000 and came into force on 17 October 2000; it is therefore cited as the Information Technology Act, 2000.

Portable Network Graphics applies the deflate algorithm, which rearranges and encodes the pixel data without discarding any of it, so the decompressed image is identical to the original, pixel for pixel; it also supports an alpha channel for partial transparency.

Blender is a free and open-source suite in which an artist builds three dimensional models, applies materials and lighting, animates them along a timeline and then renders the frames into a finished image or film; it also carries sculpting, simulation and video editing tools.

The number of colours a pixel can hold is two raised to the power of its bit depth, so eight bits give two to the eighth, that is 256 possible values.

MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a standard of the early nineteen eighties by which synthesisers, keyboards and computers exchange messages about which note begins, how hard it is struck, how long it lasts and which instrument voice should sound.

CMYK stands for cyan, magenta, yellow and key or black, and it is a subtractive model: the inks sit on white paper and subtract wavelengths from the light falling on it, so adding all of them together moves the result towards black.

In computer graphics the three basic two-dimensional transformations are translation, rotation and scaling.

Scalable Vector Graphics stores a picture as mathematical descriptions of lines, curves and shapes written in XML, so the browser redraws it at whatever size is asked for and the edges stay perfectly sharp.

PSD, the Photoshop Document, keeps every layer, mask, channel and adjustment separately so that the artist can go back and change any of them, which an exported JPEG or PNG cannot do because those flatten the picture into one grid of pixels.

MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group, and the group defined three audio layers of rising complexity within its MPEG-1 standard; the third layer gave the file extension.mp3.

The Graphics Interchange Format, introduced by CompuServe, can store several frames in one file together with the delay between them, which is why short looping animations on the web were long made as GIFs.

JPEG is named after the committee of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Telecommunication Union that drew up the standard for compressing continuous tone photographs.