General Science Mixed Quiz: Set 139

More base than acid has been added, so the mixture is basic, and phenolphthalein turns pink in a basic solution.

Mycology is the study of fungi, the group that includes moulds, yeasts, mushrooms and the rusts and smuts that attack crops, and a specialist in it is called a mycologist.

Mitochondria carry out respiration, chloroplasts photosynthesis, ribosomes make proteins and the rough endoplasmic reticulum transports them. Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell because aerobic respiration in them releases energy as ATP.

The adult human skeleton has 206 bones, of which 80 belong to the axial skeleton, that is the skull, vertebral column and chest, and 126 to the appendicular skeleton of the limbs and girdles.

Apical meristems sit at the tips of roots and shoots, and their dividing cells make the plant grow in length.

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India is the statutory body that lays down standards for food and regulates its manufacture, storage, sale and import across India.

Mammals have a four-chambered heart, so blood passes through the heart twice in each round, once for the lungs and once for the body, without oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixing.

Balance is controlled by the inner ear, which holds the vestibular apparatus alongside the organ of hearing. It is made of three semicircular canals set at right angles to one another and two small sacs, the utricle and the saccule.

Ornithology is the study of birds, their classification, habits, migration and nesting; Salim Ali, known as the birdman of India, was the country's best known ornithologist and wrote the Book of Indian Birds.

The metal ions in the plating bath carry a positive charge, so they move towards the negative electrode and are reduced to metal there; the article must therefore be the cathode for the coating to build up on it.

Spindle fibres attach to the kinetochore, a disc-shaped protein structure on the centromere of each chromosome. During cell division the spindle, made of microtubules, pulls the copies of each chromosome apart.

A true fruit is a ripened ovary and nothing else. After fertilisation, the ovary of a flower develops into the fruit, its wall becomes the pericarp and the ovules inside become seeds.

The molar mass of sodium-23 is 23 g, so 46 g is exactly 2 moles, and 2 moles contain twice the Avogadro number of atoms.

In uniform circular motion the speed stays the same, but the direction of the velocity keeps changing, so the car is always accelerating and the direction of that acceleration keeps changing too.

In facilitated transport, molecules cross the membrane with the help of membrane proteins, while still moving down their concentration gradient.

Meiosis halves them in the gametes, and fertilisation restores them in the offspring. Each parent makes gametes by meiosis, so a human egg or sperm carries 23 chromosomes instead of 46.

A harvested fruit is still a living tissue that keeps respiring, using up its own sugars and acids and giving off heat, carbon dioxide and ethylene.

Adipocytes are the fat cells of adipose tissue, a loose connective tissue that stores fat in animals. Adipose tissue lies mainly beneath the skin and around organs such as the kidneys and heart.

Seeds are carried away from the parent plant by wind, water and animals, but fungi play no part in seed dispersal.

Seismology is the study of earthquakes and of the passage of seismic waves through the earth, and it is from seismic wave records that the layered structure of the interior of the earth has been worked out; the instrument used is the seismograph.