General Science Mixed Quiz: Set 130

By Newton's second law, F = m × a, so a = F ÷ m = 5 N ÷ 10 kg = 0.5 m/s².

The Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner discovered the A, B and O blood groups in 1901 and received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1930 for the work; he was also associated with the discovery of the Rh factor, named after the rhesus monkey.

An insulator is charged by friction: rubbing transfers electrons from one surface to another, and because electrons cannot move through an insulator, the charge stays where it is as static electricity.

The 2011 FSSAI labelling rules made the list of ingredients, nutrition information and the vegetarian or non-vegetarian mark compulsory, but not medical advice on allergies.

Thomson proposed in 1904 that an atom is a sphere of positive charge with electrons embedded in it, like plums in a pudding or seeds in a watermelon.

A beam seen from the side is visible only because tiny particles send some of its light sideways. Light travelling in a straight line cannot enter our eyes unless something redirects it towards us.

When a candle burns, the wax first melts and turns to vapour, which is a physical change, and the vapour then burns in air, which is a chemical change.

A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the basic unit of information in a quantum computer.

Defining acids and bases by the H⁺ and OH⁻ ions they release in water is exactly the theory Svante Arrhenius gave in 1884.

Pressure is force divided by area, so its unit is one newton per square metre, which is given the name pascal after Blaise Pascal.

It is called dry ice because, at ordinary pressure, it changes directly from solid to gas (sublimation) instead of melting, so it never makes anything wet.

A clinical thermometer is marked from 35 to 42 degrees Celsius, which on the Fahrenheit scale is 94 to 108 degrees.

Every living cell needs a cell membrane, and plant cells add a rigid cell wall outside it. The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is the thin, selectively permeable boundary of every cell; it controls what enters and leaves.

In 1896 Becquerel found that a uranium salt kept in the dark fogged a wrapped photographic plate, which showed that the salt emitted its own penetrating radiation without being exposed to light.

In the cytoplasm, glucose is split by glycolysis into two molecules of pyruvate, releasing a small amount of energy as ATP.

A solar cell turns sunlight straight into electricity by the photovoltaic effect at a semiconductor junction, usually of silicon, so nothing inside it turns or slides.

Lymph forms when plasma leaks out of blood capillaries into the spaces between cells, so it is essentially plasma with less protein and no red blood cells.

Sleeping sickness, or African trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. Trypanosoma is a flagellated protozoan that lives in the blood.

The green pigment of leaves is chlorophyll, and a magnesium atom sits at the centre of every chlorophyll molecule.

A hygrometer measures humidity, that is, the amount of water vapour or moisture in the air. The name comes from the Greek "hygros", meaning wet.