Computer Awareness Mixed Quiz: Set 4

A nibble is half a byte, that is four binary digits, and it matters because one nibble is written as exactly one hexadecimal digit, from 0 to F. That is why memory addresses in hexadecimal are read four bits at a time.

A file with the.tmp extension is a temporary file, created by a program while it is working and normally deleted once the work is done.

Firmware is software written permanently into a read only memory chip at the time of manufacture.

The National Digital Library of India is a single window that brings together lakhs of learning resources, from school books to research papers, and lets a student search them free of cost in many Indian languages.

Dynamic RAM stores each bit as a charge on a very small capacitor, and that charge leaks away in a few milliseconds, so the memory controller has to read and rewrite every cell continuously.

In MS-Word 2016 the button marked 'Aa' in the Font group of the Home tab opens the Change Case menu, which rewrites the selected text without retyping it.

In Round Robin scheduling every ready process is given the processor for a fixed period called the time quantum, and when that period expires the process is moved to the back of the queue and the next one is served.

A LAN joins computers and devices inside a small area such as one room, one building or a campus.

An Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory chip carries a small quartz window over the silicon; ultraviolet light shone through that window releases the trapped charge from every cell at once and returns the chip to its blank state, after which it can be programmed again.

In Microsoft PowerPoint, pressing Ctrl + M adds a new slide right after the one you are on, using the layout of the current slide.

UNIX was developed in 1969 at Bell Laboratories by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, and it became the model for almost every multi user operating system that followed.

The Post Office Protocol, best known in its third version POP3, lets a mail client download messages from a mail server, and it works in two modes.

Every step in the ladder of storage units multiplies by 1,024, because 1,024 is 2 raised to the power 10 and memory is addressed in binary.

Hexadecimal is base sixteen, so the four places of C3B1 carry the weights 4096, 256, 16 and 1 from left to right, and the letters stand for numbers: A is 10, B is 11, C is 12, D is 13, E is 14 and F is 15.

Deadlock is the state in which every process in a set is waiting for a resource that another process in the same set is holding, so none of them can ever move forward without the operating system stepping in.

Unwanted bulk messages sent to many people to advertise something are called spam. Spam usually arrives as e-mail, but the same word is used for unwanted SMS, blog comments and social media messages.

Random Access Memory holds a bit only while it is powered, whether the cell is a flip-flop in static RAM or a leaking capacitor in dynamic RAM.

The extended file system family, of which ext4 is the widely used member, was written for Linux and is the default arrangement for storing and naming files on a Linux disk.

A Digital Versatile Disc uses a shorter wavelength laser and finer pits than a compact disc, so one side with one recording layer holds about 4.7 GB; a double-layer disc of the same size holds roughly 8.5 GB.

A warm boot, also called a soft boot, is the restarting of a computer that is already running, usually through the restart option of the operating system or a reset key combination.