Indian Polity Mixed Quiz: Set 5

Nehru moved the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly on 13 December 1946, and the Assembly adopted it on 22 January 1947.

Even during a national emergency, the enforcement of Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended. Article 21 protects life and personal liberty, and Article 20 protects a person from retrospective criminal laws, from being punished twice for the same offence and from being forced to be a witness against himself.

The idea of beginning a constitution with a preamble was borrowed from the Constitution of the USA, whose own text opens with the words "We the People".

Article 154 says the executive power of a State is vested in the Governor, who exercises it directly or through officers under him, exactly as Article 53 does for the President at the Centre.

Article 19(1) gives every citizen six freedoms: speech and expression; to assemble peaceably and without arms; to form associations, unions or co-operative societies; to move freely throughout India; to reside and settle in any part of India; and to practise any profession or carry on any occupation, trade or business.

Under Article 199(3), if a question arises whether a bill is a Money Bill, the decision of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly is final.

Article 40 asks the State to take steps to organise village panchayats and to give them the powers and authority they need to function as units of self-government.

The Constitution (Sixty-first Amendment) Act, 1988 changed Article 326, which provides for elections to the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies on the basis of adult suffrage, and lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years.

Members of the State Legislative Councils have no vote in the presidential election. Under Article 54, the President is chosen by an electoral college of the elected members of both Houses of Parliament and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States.

Part II of the Constitution, Articles 5 to 11, deals with citizenship.

A bill passed by both Houses of Parliament becomes an Act only when the President gives assent to it, as laid down in Article 111.

It empowers the President to constitute the Goods and Services Tax Council, a joint forum of the Centre and the States.

Under Article 131, disputes between the Government of India and one or more States, or between States, can be heard only by the Supreme Court and by no other court.

It orders the person or authority holding someone to produce that person before the court, and if the detention is found unlawful the person is set free.

The Panchayat Samiti is the middle tier of Panchayati Raj and works at the block level.

The 42nd Amendment of 1976, passed on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee, added a new Part IV-A with a single Article 51A listing ten Fundamental Duties of citizens, such as respecting the Constitution, the National Flag and the National Anthem, protecting the environment and developing the scientific temper.

It was passed in 1951 to undo court rulings that had used Fundamental Rights to strike down land reform and other laws.

Nagaland became a state on 1 December 1963, carved out of Assam. Haryana followed on 1 November 1966, when the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 divided Punjab on the basis of the Shah Commission's report.

Article 338A sets up this Commission as a constitutional body. It was inserted by the 89th Amendment Act, 2003, which split the old combined National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes into two; the separate ST Commission began work in 2004.

It gives every High Court the power to issue writs within its territory. A High Court can issue the five writs, habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and quo warranto, not only to enforce Fundamental Rights but also 'for any other purpose', that is, for ordinary legal rights.